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1 investment aid
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2 investment aid
finance, business, economy• investointiavustus -
3 investment aid
s.ayuda a la inversión, apoyo a la inversión. -
4 investment aid scheme
Экономика: программа инвестиционной помощи -
5 investment aid scheme
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6 general investment aid scheme
Деловая лексика: общая программа оказания инвестиционной помощиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > general investment aid scheme
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7 general investment aid scheme
Англо-русский экономический словарь > general investment aid scheme
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8 aid
[eɪd]administrative aid административная помощь aid pl воен. вспомогательные войска aid pl вспомогательные средства; пособия; training aids учебные пособия; (audio-)visual aids наглядные пособия; aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства aid облегчать aid оказывать поддержку aid оказывать помощь aid оказывать содействие aid поддержка aid помогать; способствовать aid помогать aid помощник aid помощь, поддержка aid помощь, денежное воспомоществование aid помощь aid pl ист. сборы, налоги aid содействие aid содействовать прогрессу aid способствовать развитию aid ускорять aid in kind помощь натурой aid to developing countries помощь развивающимся странам aid pl вспомогательные средства; пособия; training aids учебные пособия; (audio-)visual aids наглядные пособия; aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства bilateral aid взаимная помощь capital aid денежная помощь community aid коллективная помощь development aid помощь в целях развития development aid помощь развивающимся странам disaster aid помощь при бедствии emergency aid неотложная помощь emergency aid скорая помощь financial aid финансовая помощь financial aid to students финансовая помощь студентам first aid первая помощь food aid помощь продовольствием food aid продовольственнная помощь foreign aid иностранная помощь government aid государственная помощь government aid правительственная помощь grant legal aid оказывать юридическую помощь grant legal aid предоставлять правовую помощь health aid помощь на развитие здравоохранения investment aid scheme программа инвестиционной помощи legal aid правовая помощь legal aid юридическая помощь legal aid counsel совет по вопросам юридической помощи legal aid office контора юридической помощи; юридическая консультация lend aid оказывать помощь mechanical aid механический протез mobility aid средство восстановления способности двигаться (коляска, протез) monetary aid денежная помощь monetary aid финансовая помощь multilateral aid многосторонняя помощь mutual aid взаимное содействие mutual aid взаимопомощь national aid государственная помощь nursing aid помощь по уходу за ребенком pecuniary aid денежная помощь producer aid помощь производителю producer aid субсидия производителю public aid государственное вспомоществование regional aid региональная помощь render aid оказывать помощь secretarial aid секретарские услуги sensory aid сенсорный протез social aid пособие по социальному обеспечению state aid государственная помощь state aid государственная субсидия state aid пособие от государства teaching aids учебные пособия technical aid техническая помощь training aids наглядные пособия aid pl вспомогательные средства; пособия; training aids учебные пособия; (audio-)visual aids наглядные пособия; aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства aids: training aid средства обучения visual aid приспособление для исправления зрения aid pl вспомогательные средства; пособия; training aids учебные пособия; (audio-)visual aids наглядные пособия; aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства welfare aid социальное обеспечение -
9 aid
npomoć• aid granted by state drћavna potpora• investment aid investicijska pomoć• state aid drћavna potporaBilj.: Pomoć drћava članica EU-a gospodarstvu neke zemljeEnglesko-Hrvatski Glosar bankarstva, osiguranja i ostalih financijskih usluga > aid
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10 aid
eɪd
1. сущ.
1) помощь, поддержка( for, in, to) to extend, give, offer, provide, render aid ≈ предложить помощь to come to smb.'s aid ≈ прибегнуть к чьей-л. помощи to cut off aid, withdraw aid ≈ отказаться от предложенной помощи to administer first aid, to give first aid, to render first aid ≈ оказывать первую помощь generous aid ≈ великодушная помощь, щедрая помощь first aid ≈ первая помощь urgent aid ≈ неотложная помощь, скорая помощь economic aid ≈ экономическая помощь foreign aid ≈ помощь зарубежных стран government aid ≈ правительственные дотации legal aid( for the poor) ≈ юридическая поддержка economic aid to developing countries ≈ экономическая помощь развивающимся странам domiciliary aid ≈ помощь на дому reducing aids ≈ средства для похудения Syn: assistance, help
1., support, succour
1., relief I
2) ассистент, помощник Syn: aide, assistant, helper, mate
3) аппарат, устройство( помогающее видеть, слышать и т. п.) guiding aid ≈ прибор для ориентации слепых hearing aid ≈ слуховой аппарат reading aid ≈ прибор для чтения слабовидящими или слепыми visual aid ≈ аппарат, помогающий видеть
4) мн.;
ист. сборы, налоги
5) ист. дань, выплачиваемая вассалом своему господину
6) мн.;
воен. вспомогательные войска
7) мн. вспомогательные средства;
пособия health aids training aids audio-visual aids aids and appliances
8) ист. субсидия королю (до 18 века давалась английским парламентом королю на чрезвычайные нужды)
2. гл. помогать, оказывать помощь, оказывать поддержку, способствовать She aided him in his work. ≈ Она оказывала ему помощь в работе. He will aid if they will call. ≈ Он поможет, если они позовут. Syn: help
2., assist, succour
2.помощь;
содействие;
поддержка;
- mutual * взаимопомощь;
- without * без посторонней помощи;
- * post (военное) медицинский пункт;
- to call in smb.'s * обратиться к кому-л за помощью;
- to go to smb.'s * прийти к кому-л на помощь (американизм) = aide (специальное) протез, аппарат (выполняющий функцию какого-л. органа) - hearing * слуховой аппарат вспомогательные средства, пособия;
- training *s учебные пособия;
- *s and appliances приспособления, материальные средства ( военное) (профессионализм) вспомогательные войска (юридическое) содействие;
- * and comfort помощь и поддержка (историческое) дань вассала своему феодалу (историческое) денежная субсидия королю (историческое) заем в казначействе (историческое) сборы, налоги, пошлины( во Франции) > what's this in * of? для чего это нужно?;
к чему все это?;
> what's all this holloing in * of? чего ты орешь? помогать, оказывать помощь, поддержку;
- to * smb. to do smth. помогать кому-л сделать что-л;
содействовать прогрессу, способствовать развитию;
облегчать;
ускорять;
- to * understanding облегчать взаимопонимание;
- to * recovery способствовать выздоровлениюadministrative ~ административная помощьaid pl воен. вспомогательные войска~ pl вспомогательные средства;
пособия;
training aids учебные пособия;
(audio-) visual aids наглядные пособия;
aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства ~ облегчать ~ оказывать поддержку ~ оказывать помощь ~ оказывать содействие ~ поддержка ~ помогать;
способствовать ~ помогать ~ помощник ~ помощь, поддержка ~ помощь, денежное воспомоществование ~ помощь ~ pl ист. сборы, налоги ~ содействие ~ содействовать прогрессу ~ способствовать развитию ~ ускорять~ in kind помощь натурой~ to developing countries помощь развивающимся странам~ pl вспомогательные средства;
пособия;
training aids учебные пособия;
(audio-) visual aids наглядные пособия;
aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средстваcommunity ~ коллективная помощьdevelopment ~ помощь в целях развития development ~ помощь развивающимся странамemergency ~ неотложная помощь emergency ~ скорая помощьfinancial ~ to students финансовая помощь студентамfirst ~ первая помощьfood ~ помощь продовольствием food ~ продовольственнная помощьforeign ~ иностранная помощьgovernment ~ государственная помощь government ~ правительственная помощьgrant legal ~ оказывать юридическую помощь grant legal ~ предоставлять правовую помощьhealth ~ помощь на развитие здравоохраненияlegal ~ правовая помощь legal ~ юридическая помощьlend ~ оказывать помощьmechanical ~ механический протезmonetary ~ денежная помощь monetary ~ финансовая помощьmultilateral ~ многосторонняя помощьmutual ~ взаимное содействие mutual ~ взаимопомощьnational ~ государственная помощьnursing ~ помощь по уходу за ребенкомpecuniary ~ денежная помощьproducer ~ помощь производителю producer ~ субсидия производителюpublic ~ государственное вспомоществованиеregional ~ региональная помощьrender ~ оказывать помощьsecretarial ~ секретарские услугиteaching ~s учебные пособияtraining ~s наглядные пособия~ pl вспомогательные средства;
пособия;
training aids учебные пособия;
(audio-) visual aids наглядные пособия;
aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства aids: training ~ средства обученияvisual ~ приспособление для исправления зрения~ pl вспомогательные средства;
пособия;
training aids учебные пособия;
(audio-) visual aids наглядные пособия;
aids and appliances приспособления, материальные средства -
11 investment budget
смета строительства; инвестиционный бюджет -
12 collective investment fund
English-Russian base dictionary > collective investment fund
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13 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
14 program
1. nto administer a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу
to apply a program — использовать / применять программу
to approve a program — утверждать / одобрять программу
to carry out a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу
to contribute to a program — способствовать выполнению программы; вносить вклад в программу
to expand / to extend a program — расширять программу
to lay out a program — излагать / намечать программу
to map out a program — намечать / составлять программу
to outline a program — излагать / намечать программу
to profess a program — придерживаться программы; отстаивать программу
to set out a program — излагать / намечать программу
to slash a program — урезать ассигнования на какую-л. программу
to unfreeze one's nuclear program — размораживать свою ядерную программу
- action-oriented programto water down one's program — ослаблять свою программу
- activated program
- ad hoc program
- advanced technical training programs
- aerospace program
- agrarian program
- agrarian reform program
- aid program
- all-embracing program
- alternative program
- ambitious program
- anti-inflation program
- anti-marine pollution programs
- armament program
- assistance program
- atomic energy program
- atoms-for-peace program
- austerity program
- ballot-counting program
- bilateral program
- black programs
- broad program
- broad-ranging program
- budget program
- categorical assistance program
- civil nuclear program
- civil nuclear-power program
- clear-cut program
- coherent program
- component program
- comprehensive program
- compromise program
- concerted program
- concrete program
- consolidated program
- constructive program
- coordinator of a program
- country programs
- crash program
- daily program of sittings
- detailed program
- development program
- diminution in a program
- disarmament program
- disease control programs
- domestic assaults on a program
- dormant program
- draft program
- economic development program
- economic recovery program
- economic reform program
- election program
- energy program
- established program
- European Recovery Program
- execution of a program
- expanded program
- export promotion program
- family planning program
- famine relief program
- feasible program
- feed-back program
- fellowship program
- field programs
- fiscal program
- flight program
- follow-on program
- follow-up program
- food program
- foreign policy program
- general democratic program
- global program
- government program
- halt to the program
- health program
- home-policy program
- housing program
- implementation of a program
- industrial development program
- innovative program
- in-plant training program
- integrated program
- interdisciplinary program of research
- intergovernmental program
- investment promotion program
- job-training program
- joint program
- land reform program
- large-scale program
- live program
- long-range program
- long-term program
- major program
- manned program
- marine program
- massive program
- maximum program
- medium-term programs
- militant program
- military-political program
- military-space programs
- minimum program
- modernization program
- monitoring and evaluating programs
- multilateral aid program
- national program
- nation-wide program
- natural resources development program
- negotiating program
- nondefense program
- non-nuclear defense program
- nuclear program
- nuclear test program
- nuclear-power program
- nuclear-weapons program
- operational program
- optional program
- party program
- Peace Program
- peaceful program
- performance of a program
- phased program
- pilot program
- political program
- population program
- power program
- price support program
- priority program
- privatization program
- production program
- program aimed at smth
- program for economic cooperation
- program for peace and international cooperation
- program has begun its most difficult period
- program has raised objections
- program of action
- program of activities
- program of consolidation
- program of general and complete disarmament
- program of gradual change
- program of measures
- program of militarization
- program of national rebirth
- program of research
- program of revival
- program of work
- promotion program
- public investment program
- public program
- reconstruction program
- recovery program
- reform program
- regional program
- regular program
- rehabilitation program
- research program
- resettlement program
- restructured program
- retraining program
- revised program
- revision of a program
- rural development program
- safeguards program
- safety standards program
- scientific program
- social program
- social welfare program
- sound program
- space exploration program
- space program
- special-purpose program
- Star Wars program
- Strategic Defense Initiative Program
- study program
- systematic assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impact of a program
- target program
- technical aid program
- terrorism reward program
- tough program
- training program
- unconstructive program
- under the program
- unemployment insurance program
- UNEP
- United Nations Environment Program
- utopian program
- vast program
- viable program
- war program
- wasteful program
- welfare program
- well-balanced program
- well-planned program
- well-thought-out program
- wide-ranging program
- work program
- world food program
- youth exchange program 2. vсоставлять программу, разрабатывать программу; программировать -
15 committee
сущ.1) упр. комитет, комиссия (группа лиц, которая организует или планирует деятельность более обширной группы либо решает определенный круг задач в рамках какой-л. организации)to be [sit\] on a committee, to be a member of a committee — быть членом комитета, входить в состав комиссии
Syn:See:new product committee, Boundary Committee for England, cabinet committee, Capital Issues Committee, Central Arbitration Committee, Consumer Protection Advisory Committee, equal representation committee, interagency committee, investment committee, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Monetary Policy Committee, Zangger Committee, Interim Coordinating Committee for International Commodity Arrangements, convener, Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations, Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements, Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes, Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, Committee on Trade and Development, Administrative Committee on Coordination, Advisory Committee on Export Policy, Bank Advisory Committee, Basel Committee, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Basle Committee, Committee for Economic Development, Development Assistance Committee, equal representation committee, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, European Committee for Standardization, Food Aid Committee, Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration, Interim Coordinating Committee for International Commodity Arrangements, International Accounting Standards Committee, International Cotton Advisory Committee, International Maritime Committee, International Tea Committee, NPT Exporters Committee, Nuclear Exporters Committee, Operating Committee, Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movements of Migrants from Europe, Technical Advisory Committee, Trade Negotiations Committee, Trade Policy Committee2) пол., гос. упр. комитет (структурное подразделение законодательного органа (напр., палаты Конгресса или парламента), созданное для рассмотрения законопроектов, проведения расследований или выполнения других задач в соответствии с поручениями этого органа)Syn:See:ad hoc committee, public body, party committee, conference committee, standing committee, select committee, joint committee, Appeal Committee, Appropriations Committee, budget committee, business committee, campaign committee, Committee of Privileges, committee of the whole, House Appropriations Committee, permanent committee, policy committee, research committee, Rules Committee, Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, special committee, steering committee, subcommittee, Ways and Means Committee, Public Accounts Committee, Committee of Selection, Committee of Privileges, delegated powers3) гос. упр. комитет ( консультативной орган или институт управления в Европейском союзе)See:commitology, European Union, Committee of the Regions, Economic and Social Committee, Committee of Permanent Representatives, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics
* * *
1) комитет, комиссия; 2) опекун; см. ad hoc committee. -
16 ayuda
Del verbo ayudar: ( conjugate ayudar) \ \
ayuda es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: ayuda ayudar
ayuda sustantivo femenino ( asistencia) help; ayudas para la inversión incentives for investment; ha sido de gran ayuda it has been a great help
ayudar ( conjugate ayudar) verbo transitivo to help; ayuda al prójimo to help one's neighbor; ¿te ayudo? do you need any help?; vino a ayudame she came to help me out; ayúdame a poner la mesa help me (to) set the table verbo intransitivo to help; ¿puedo ayuda en algo? can I do anything to help?
ayuda sustantivo femenino help, assistance, aid: un joven vino en ayuda de los accidentados, a young man came to the aid of the injured people
ayudar verbo transitivo to help: ¿puedes ayudarme a mover la mesa?, can you help me to move the table? ➣ Ver nota en help
' ayuda' also found in these entries: Spanish: abogada - abogado - acudir - asistencia - balón - beneficio - blandengue - colaboración - confiar - demanda - espaldarazo - estimar - facilidad - fortalecimiento - goteo - gratificación - nos - nunca - ofrecer - paliar - prestación - prioritaria - prioritario - recabar - retirar - sola - solo - urgir - utilidad - vital - agradecer - apreciar - auxilio - beca - becar - contar - desechar - desinteresado - despreciar - dispensar - disponer - espontáneo - evaporarse - favor - gracia - gritar - implorar - inapreciable - inestimable - material English: aid - appreciate - appreciative - ask for - assistance - backing - bat - bird - bootstrap - by - canvass - contribute - contribution - deny - do without - dramatically - foreign aid - forthcoming - give - grateful - greatly - help - hesitate - immediate - instrumental - major - navigate - own - quarter - relief - seek - service - single-handed - summon - support - supportive - unaided - valet - virtually - volunteer - without - afield - any - boon - deserving - hand - position - public - shape - single -
17 foreign
'forən1) (belonging to a country other than one's own: a foreign passport.) extranjero2) ((with to) not naturally part of: Anger was foreign to her nature.) ajeno a•foreign adj extranjerotr['fɒrɪn]1 (from abroad) extranjero,-a2 (dealing with other countries) exterior3 (strange) ajeno,-a, extraño,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLforeign affairs asuntos nombre masculino plural exterioresforeign aid ayuda exteriorforeign body cuerpo extrañoforeign correspondent corresponsal nombre masulino o femenino extranjero,-aforeign language lengua extranjera, idioma nombre masculino extranjeroforeign legion legión nombre femenino extranjeraForeign Minister Ministro,-a de Asuntos ExterioresForeign Ministry Ministerio de Asuntos ExterioresForeign Office SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL Ministerio de Asuntos Exterioresforeign policy política exteriorForeign Secretary SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL Ministro,-a de Asuntos Exterioresforeign trade comercio exteriorforeign ['fɔrən] adj1) : extranjero, exteriorforeign countries: países extranjerosforeign trade: comercio exterior2) alien: ajeno, extrañoforeign to their nature: ajeno a su caráctera foreign body: un cuerpo extrañoadj.• advenedizo, -a adj.• ajeno, -a adj.• exterior adj.• extranjero, -a adj.• extraño, -a adj.• forastero, -a adj.• foráneo, -a adj.'fɔːrən, 'fɑː-, 'fɒrən1)a) <custom/country/language> extranjerob) <policyade/relations> exteriorforeign debt — deuda f externa
2) ( alien)to be foreign TO something/somebody — ser* ajeno a algo/alguien
3) ( Med) extraño['fɒrɪn]1. ADJher job involves a lot of foreign travel — su trabajo supone que tiene que viajar a menudo por el extranjero
foreign news — noticias fpl internacionales
2) (Pol) [minister, ministry] de asuntos exteriores; [policy, relations] exterior4)•
foreign to —a) (=uncharacteristic of) ajeno a, impropio desuch behaviour was foreign to his nature — este comportamiento era ajeno a or impropio de su carácter
b) (=unfamiliar to) ajeno a2.CPDforeign affairs NPL — asuntos mpl exteriores
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs — Secretario(-a) m / f de Estado para Asuntos Exteriores
foreign affairs correspondent N — corresponsal mf de asuntos exteriores
foreign agent N — agente mf extranjero(-a)
foreign aid N — (=aid to other countries) ayuda f al extranjero, ayuda f internacional; (=aid from abroad) ayuda f internacional
foreign body N — frm cuerpo m extraño frm
foreign correspondent N — corresponsal mf en el extranjero
foreign currency N — moneda f extranjera
foreign currency income N — ingresos mpl de moneda extranjera
tourism is a major source of our foreign currency income — el turismo es una importante fuente de ingresos de moneda extranjera para nuestro país
foreign debt N — deuda f externa or exterior
foreign exchange N — (=currency) divisas fpl ; (=reserves) reservas fpl de divisas; (=market) mercado m de divisas; (=system) cambio m de divisas
tourism is Thailand's biggest earner of foreign exchange — el turismo es la principal fuente de divisas para Tailandia
foreign exchange dealer N — agente mf de cambio, operador(a) m / f cambiario(-a) or de cambio
foreign exchange market N — mercado m de divisas
foreign exchange rate N — tipo m de cambio de divisas
foreign exchange reserves NPL — reservas fpl de divisas
foreign exchange trader N — = foreign exchange dealer
foreign exchange trading N — operaciones fpl de cambio (de divisas)
foreign investment N — (from abroad) inversión f extranjera; (in other countries) inversión f en el extranjero
Foreign Minister N — Ministro(-a) m / f de Asuntos Exteriores
Foreign Ministry N — Ministerio m de Asuntos Exteriores
foreign national N — ciudadano(-a) m / f extranjero(-a)
the Foreign Office N — (Brit) el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores
foreign policy N — política f exterior
Foreign Secretary N — (Brit) Ministro(-a) m / f de Asuntos Exteriores
foreign service N — (US) servicio m exterior
foreign trade N — comercio m exterior
* * *['fɔːrən, 'fɑː-, 'fɒrən]1)a) <custom/country/language> extranjerob) <policy/trade/relations> exteriorforeign debt — deuda f externa
2) ( alien)to be foreign TO something/somebody — ser* ajeno a algo/alguien
3) ( Med) extraño -
18 dealer
сущ.1)а) торг. делец, коммерсант, торговец, торговый посредник, агент по продажеSyn:See:art dealer, arts dealer, auto dealer, automobile dealer, farm equipment dealer, farm machinery dealer, illicit dealer, petty dealer, rag and junk dealer, real estate dealer, retail dealer, second hand dealer, second-hand dealer, wholesale dealer, dealer in gross, Automobile Dealers, Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations, Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers, Building Material and Supplies Dealersб) торг. дилер (физическое или юридическое лицо, осуществляющее деловое или торговое посредничество за свой счет, как правило, крупное торгово-посредническое предприятие, которое занимается крупномасштабной закупкой товаров и их поставкой в розничную сеть)See:authorized dealer, exclusive dealer, franchise dealer, franchised dealer, gaming dealers, imprint dealer, investment dealer, remainder dealer, service dealer, dealer aid, dealer brand, dealer's brand, dealer imprint, dealer incentive, dealer loader, dealer market, dealer network, dealer outlet, dealer service а), dealer space, dealer spot, dealer super, dealer system, dealer tag, dealer tie-in, exclusive dealership, dealership, sales agent, dealer-compliance representative2) торг., сленг дилер, торговец наркотиками (обычно небольшими партиями, "в розницу")Syn:3) бирж. дилер (юридическое лицо, осуществляющее биржевое посредничество за свой счет и от своего имени)See:currency dealer, dealer in securities, dealer in stocks, exchange dealer, exempt dealer, foreign exchange dealer, foreign-exchange dealer, gilt-edged dealer, inter broker dealer, inter-broker dealer, international dealer, licenced dealer, odd lot dealer, odd-lot dealer, option dealer, paper dealer, primary dealer, recognized dealer, reporting dealer, securities dealer, security dealer, dealer association, dealer bank, dealer option, dealer paper, dealer service б), dealers' association, dealer's spread, National Association of Securities Dealers Rules of Fair Practice, Association of Futures Brokers and Dealers, Association of International Bond Dealers, European Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system, International Swap Dealers Association, National Association of Securities Dealers, National Association of Securities Dealers and Investment Managers, National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation, National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System,
* * *
дилер: 1) компания или физическое лицо, которые оперируют на бирже (рынке) за собственный счет, т. е. как принципалы, принимающие риск на себя; см. broker-dealer; 2) сотрудник банка, специализирующийся на проведении конверсионных, депозитных и др. операций на финансовых рынках; 3) оптовый покупатель товаров и услуг для розничной перепродажи потребителям (напр., "дилер Форда" специализируется на покупке машин у Форда для перепродажи, но не является торговым представителем Форда, т. к. берет на себя риск).* * *. Юридическое лицо, выражающее готовность и желание покупать ценные бумаги на свое имя (по своей предлагаемой цене) или продавать их от своего имени (по своей запрашиваемой цене) . посредник (частное лицо или фирма) в торговых сделках купли-продажи ценных бумаг, товаров и валюты; действует, как правило, от своего имени и за свой счет; разница между ценой приобретения и ценой продажи чего-либо составляет его доход (прибыль). Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельностьлицо, которое заключает от своего имени сделки, выступая в роли принципала на фондовой или товарной бирже-----биржевой торговец, заключающий сделку за свой счет -
19 foreign
прил.1)а) общ. иностранный; зарубежный, заграничный; чужеземный (расположенный за пределами данной страны, относящийся к другим странам)foreign producer — иностранный [зарубежный\] производитель
See:, foreign company, foreign corporation, foreign currency, foreign entity, foreign exchange 1),3, foreign flag, foreign goods, foreign invention, foreign inventor, foreign investor, foreign judgement, foreign jurisdiction, foreign market 1), foreign operation 2), foreign owner, foreign ownership, foreign parent, foreign patent, foreign patentee, foreign patenting, foreign person, foreign price, foreign products, foreign sale, foreign service national, foreign stock 2), foreign subsidiary, foreign wares, foreign workerб) общ. внешний, иностранный (связанный с другими странами, с ведением дел с другими странами)foreign financing — иностранное [зарубежное\] финансирование
foreign transaction — зарубежная сделка [операция\]
See:foreign account, foreign advertising, foreign affairs, foreign agent, foreign aid, foreign applicant, foreign assets, foreign balance, foreign capital, foreign bill, foreign bond, foreign business, foreign commerce, foreign competition, foreign credit, foreign debt, foreign draft, foreign economic policy, foreign exchange 2), foreign exports, foreign fund, foreign income, foreign investment, foreign liabilities, foreign licensing, foreign market 2), foreign marketing, foreign operation 1), foreign policy, foreign politics, foreign price shock, Foreign Secretary, foreign sector, foreign service, foreign stock 1), foreign trade, Foreign Agents Registration Act, Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Foreign Economic Trends, Foreign Agricultural Service, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Foreign Credit Insurance Association, Foreign Credit Insurance Corporation, Foreign Credit Interchange Bureau, Foreign Investment Advisory Service, Foreign Investment Review Agency, Foreign Market Development Cooperator Program, Foreign Market Development Program, Foreign Service Institute, Foreign Access Zone, foreign air-carrier permit, Foreign Buyer Program, foreign purchases effect2) общ. незнакомый; чужой; постороннийThe name was foreign to me. — Это имя было мне незнакомо.
3) общ. чуждый, несвойственный; несоответствующийforeign flavour [odour\]— посторонний привкус [запах\]
* * *иностранные юридические и физические лица, другие государства, международные организации, осуществляющие инвестиции в иностранной валюте -
20 Agency for International Development
орг.сокр. USAID, AID межд. эк., амер. Агентство международного развития (федеральное агентство США, разрабатывающее и осуществляющее программы экономического содействия развивающимся странам; создано в 1961 г.)See:economic aid, International Development Cooperation Agency, Center for Trade and Investment Services, Economic Support Fund, Commodity Import Program, independent agency 1), private voluntary organization
* * *
abbrev.: AID Agency for International Development Агентство международного развития: федеральное агентство в США, созданное в 1961 г. для администрирования программ помощи развивающимся странам (кредиты на льготных условиях, техническое содействие, гранты, распределение продовольствия); действует через коммерческие банки при гарантии правительства.* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .Англо-русский экономический словарь > Agency for International Development
Страницы
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